Contents
XXIII
Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis
876
Calcium and Phosphate in the Diet
876
Vitamin D Metabolism and Function
880
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
887
Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus
Homeostasis
888
37.2
Magnesium
890
37.3
Nonessential Trace Elements
891
Cadmium
891
Lead
894
Aluminum
894
Other Trace Elements
894
37.4
Metallothioneins
894
37.5
Essential Trace Elements
894
Copper
895
Zinc
897
Supplemental Readings
and References
899
CHAPTER
38
Vitamin Metabolism
General Considerations
901
38.1
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
904
Vitamin A
904
Nutrition and Chemistry
904
Absorption, Transport, and Metabolism
905
Function
906
Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis A
907
Vision and Vitamin A
908
Vitamin E
912
Nutrition and Chemistry
912
Absorption, Transport, and Metabolism
913
Function
913
Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis E
913
38.2
Water-Soluble Vitamins
914
Thiamine (Vitamin B i)
914
Nutrition and Chemistry
914
Absorption, Transport, and Metabolism
915
Function
915
Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis
915
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
915
Pyridoxine (Vitamin Bf,)
916
Cobalamin (Vitamin B
1
2)
918
Folic Acid (Pteroylglutamic Acid)
922
Niacin
924
Pantothenic Acid (Pantoyl-/!-Alanine)
924
Biotin
924
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
925
38.3
Vitamin-Responsive Inherited Metabolic
Disorders
926
38.4
Vitamin-like Substances
927
Supplemental Readings
and References
928
CHAPTER
39
Water, Electrolytes, and
Acid-Base Balance
39.1
Water Metabolism
929
39.2
Homeostatic Controls
930
39.3
Water and Osmolality Controls
931
39.4
Electrolyte Balance
933
Sodium
933
Potassium
934
Chloride
934
39.5
Acid-Base Balance
934
Disorders of Acid-Base
Balance
935
Supplemental Readings
and References
938
Appendix I. Median Heights and Weights and
Recommended Energy Intake
939
Appendix II. Weights for Heights of Adults in the
United States
941
